wiki:Cnbp2019/Agenda/NetworkSetup

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Campus Network Design - Network Setup

In this tutorial, we will establish dual-stack network connectivity within all nodes of the network given below.

IP Address Plan

Device Management IP Address MGT Network MGT VLAN
FAC1 10.XY.2.1 10.XY.2.0/24 VLAN 2
FAC1-BLD1-FL0 10.XY.2.2 Ignore(LAB only) 10.XY.2.0/24 VLAN 2
FAC1-BLD1-FL1 10.XY.2.3 Ignore(LAB only) 10.XY.2.0/24 VLAN 2
FAC1-BLD1-FL2 10.XY.2.4 10.XY.2.0/24 VLAN 2
FAC1-BLD2-FL0 10.XY.2.5 Ignore(LAB only) 10.XY.2.0/24 VLAN 2
FAC2 10.XY.3.1 10.XY.3.0/24 VLAN 3
FAC2-BLD1-FL1 10.XY.3.2 Ignore(LAB only) 10.XY.3.0/24 VLAN 3
FAC2-BLD2-FL1 10.XY.3.3 Ignore(LAB only) 10.XY.3.0/24 VLAN 3
FAC2-BLD2-FL3 10.XY.3.4 Ignore(LAB only) 10.XY.3.0/24 VLAN 3

FAC1 Type VLANS/IP Native VLAN
F0/0 Routed Link 10.XY.0.6/30
2401:DD00:20XY:2::FFFF/64 		-
F0/1 Routed Link 10.XY.0.1/30
2401:DD00:20XY:1::FFFE/64 		-
F1/0 Trunk 10, 20 2
F1/1 Trunk 20, 30 2
F1/15 Access 5 -

FAC2 Type VLANS/IP Native VLAN
F0/1 Routed Link 10.XY.0.5/30
2401:dd00:20XY:2::FFFE/64 		-
F1/0 Trunk 60, 70 3
F1/1 Trunk 70, 80 3

Log in to the the devices

In GNS3 topology right click on each network device and select Console. It will open your device console screen on a putty.

Initial Configurations

Before configuring the devices for the network setup. Let's configure some initial settings in the Core Network Devices.

Press the Enter key to go to the user mode of the FAC1 switch. Prompt will look as follows. 

FAC1#

In this privileged mode, you can check the router configuration by the following command. The configuration you see will be the default configuration 

FAC1#show run

To add configurations you have to go configuration mode. Type config terminal. Note the prompt change. 

FAC1(config)#

note: If you get following error,

%Error opening tftp://255.255.255.255/AccessRt-confg (Timed out)

Give the following command in the config mode, no service config

You can now start making configurations.

  • The first thing you have to add is the hostname of the device. The hostname is the device's identification. In this Lab, device name or the hostname is automatically configured based on the GUI edits we did previously. If you want to change it you may use 
    hostname <device name>
  • Then let's give a enable secret. Which is a password you set when you go to the privileged mode from the user mode? Make sure to use the <class password> as the enable secret 
    enable secret <class password>
  • Add the DNS server 
    ip name-server 10.XY.0.2

In your production environment you may use your internal DNS resolver if needed.

  • Next, you can add a banner to your device. This will display every time you log in to the device 
    banner motd @ Unauthorized Access is Prohibited! @
  • Add more security by encrypting passwords in your config file 
    service password-encryption
  • Then lets's configure the line console which is the console port settings
    • Go to line console config mode 
      line console 0
    • Enable login authentication. Make sure not to save or exit the router after this command without executing the next command. 
      login
    • Set the password 
      password <class password>
  • Finally let's enable ssh (version 2) in the device. Type exit to go back to previous mode (config mode) from line console config mode
    • Configure a domain name. Use instXY.ac.lk for this lab where XY is your group id. 
      ip domain name instXY.ac.lk
    • Create an ssh user with a password. In here we will use the username admin with the class password 
      username admin secret <class password>
    • Create a certificate which will use for encryption 
      crypto key generate rsa
    • Give the size of key as 768 (minimum size needed to activate ssh version 2)
    • Then Configure the line vty 
      line vty 0 4
login local
transport input ssh
exit
  • Add SNMP community and location details 
    snmp-server community CNBP2019 ro
snmp-server ifindex persist
snmp-server contact NOC
snmp-server location Faculty_One
  • Now save the configurations. you have to Go to privileged mode and give the following command 
    #copy running-config startup-config
  • Check the configuration by show run command.

Apply these settings in FAC2 and FAC1-BLD1-FL2 as well

Core Network Layer

Let's start Configuring the connectivity between the core network (FAC1 and Fac2). We will start with Fac1.

  • Remember, the core network runs on routed ports. Get the IP from the table
  • Link to Firewall 
    FAC1(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/1
FAC1(config-if)# description Link to Firewall
FAC1(config-if)# ip address 10.XY.0.1 255.255.255.252
FAC1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2401:dd00:20XY:1::fffe/64
FAC1(config-if)#no shutdown
FAC1(config-if)#exit
  • Link to FAC2 
    FAC1(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/0
FAC1(config-if)# description Link to FAC2
FAC1(config-if)# ip address 10.XY.0.6 255.255.255.252
FAC1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2401:dd00:20XY:2::ffff/64
FAC1(config-if)#no shutdown
FAC1(config-if)#exit
  • On switch FAC2 we have only one routed port. Get the IP from the table
    • Link to FAC1 
FAC2(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/1
FAC2(config-if)# description Link to FAC1
FAC2(config-if)# ip address 10.XY.0.5 255.255.255.252
FAC2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2401:dd00:20XY:2::fffe/64
FAC2(config-if)#no shutdown
FAC2(config-if)#exit
  • Next, we need to configure routing among Core devices. We will configure dynamic routing / OSPF to distribute routing.
    • On FAC1, Define OSPF process and Process ID. In this lab use process ID as 1 
      FAC1(config)#ip routing
FAC1(config)#router ospf 1
    • Give the router ID 
      FAC1(config-router)#router-id 10.XY.2.1
    • You are announcing the core network and connected subnets. Use this command for this 
      FAC1(config-router)#redistribute connected subnets
FAC1(config-router)#network 10.XY.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
FAC1(config-router)#exit
    • Now you have enable OSPF on FAC1 Switch. Now lets add the default Route. 
      FAC1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.XY.0.2
  • Now let's enable routing for IPv6. 
    FAC1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
    • Create a OSPF v3 instance, Define OSPF process and Process ID. In this lab use process ID as 1 
      FAC1(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
    • Give the router ID, this will be the same as ipv4 ospf router ID for simplicity 
      FAC1(config-rtr)#router-id 10.XY.2.1
    • You are going to redistribute the connected networks. Use this command for that, 
      FAC1(config-rtr)#redistribute connected
FAC1(config-rtr)#exit
    • Create the default route 
      FAC1(config)ipv6 route ::/0 2401:DD00:20XY:1::FFFF
  • Assign ospf to Ports on FAC1 
    FAC1(config)#int fa 0/0
FAC1(config-if)#ip ospf 1 area 2
FAC1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 2
FAC1(config-if)#exit
  • Configure routing on FAC2 
    FAC2(config)#ip routing
FAC2(config)#router ospf 1
FAC2(config-router)#router-id 10.XY.3.1
FAC2(config-router)#redistribute connected subnets
FAC2(config-router)#network 10.XY.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
FAC2(config-router)#exit
FAC2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.XY.0.6
FAC2(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
FAC2(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
FAC2(config-rtr)#router-id 10.XY.3.1
FAC2(config-rtr)#exit
FAC2(config)#int fa 0/1
FAC2(config-if)#ip ospf 1 area 2
FAC2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 2
FAC2(config-if)#exit
FAC2(config)ipv6 route ::/0 2401:DD00:20XY:2::FFFF

VLAN Structure

Now we need to create VLANs in each L3 device and configure inter-VLAN routing. We will start with FAC1.

VLANs for FAC1

FAC1 VLAN Name IPv4 IPv6
VLAN02 FAC1_MGT 10.XY.02.1/24 -
VLAN05 Servers 10.XY.05.254/24 2401:DD00:20XY:5::FFFF/64
VLAN10 Dept1 10.XY.10.254/24 2401:DD00:20XY:1110::FFFF/64
VLAN20 Dept2 10.XY.20.254/24 2401:DD00:20XY:1120::FFFF/64
VLAN30 Dept3 10.XY.30.254/24 2401:DD00:20XY:1230::FFFF/64

  • First Create VLANs and provide a suitable description. 
Fac1# vlan database
Fac1(vlan)# vlan 2 name FAC1_MGT

Repeat the same for all other VLAN's in FAC1.

  • Then we need to create vlan interfaces and assign routing. 
Fac1(vlan)# exit
Fac1# config t
Fac1(config)# interface vlan 2
Fac1(config-if)# ip address 10.XY.2.1 255.255.255.0 
Fac1(config-if)# ip ospf 1 area 2
Fac1(config-if)# exit

Following illustrates the dual stack connectivity. 

Fac1(config)# interface vlan 5
Fac1(config-if)# ip address 10.XY.5.254 255.255.255.0 
Fac1(config-if)# ip ospf 1 area 2
Fac1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2401:DD00:20XY:5::FFFF/64
Fac1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 2
Fac1(config-if)# exit
  • Continue same for the VLAN 10, 20 and 30.

VLANs for FAC2

  • Configure above same configurations on FAC2 switch for the following VLAN data

FAC2 VLAN Name IPv4 IPv6
VLAN03 FAC2_MGT 10.XY.03.1/24 -
VLAN60 Dept4 10.XY.60.254/24 2401:DD00:20XY:2160::FFFF/64
VLAN70 Dept5 10.XY.70.254/24 2401:DD00:20XY:2270::FFFF/64
VLAN80 Dept6 10.XY.80.254/24 2401:DD00:20XY:2280::FFFF/64

Assign Interfaces

On L3 devices we can have three types of links,

  • L3 routed ports
  • Trunk ports
  • L2 Access Ports

We have already configured routed ports and now we need to assign ports to our VLAN's created above.

  • Create Trunk Ports,
    • First make the interface a trunk port. This is for the link between FAC1 and Building 1 
      FAC1(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0
FAC1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
    • Define the encapsulation 
      FAC1(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
    • Give the Description of the interface 
      FAC1(config-if)#description link to Building 1
    • Allow the VLAN's that we only need. 
      FAC1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2,10,20,1002-1005
    • Change the Native VLAN 
      FAC1(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 2

Do the same for the other trunk link 

FAC1(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/1
FAC1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
FAC1(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
FAC1(config-if)#description link to Building 2
FAC1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2,20,30,1002-1005
FAC1(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 2
FAC1(config-if)#exit
  • Create Access ports.
    • Assign the interface to be in Access Mode 
      FAC1(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/15
FAC1(config-if)#switchport mode access
    • Assign the VLAN 
      FAC1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 5
    • Assign a suitable description 
      FAC1(config-if)#description link to Monitoring Server
FAC1(config-if)#exit

Make sure to save your setting with FAC1#write and FAC2#write

Distribution Layer

For the lab purposes, we are using an L3 capable switch platform to illustrate a manageable L2 switch. We need to configure following on the FAC1-BLD1-FL2,

  • Management Network
  • Trunk Ports
  • Access Ports

Details of the switch as follows,

FAC1-BLD1-FL2 Type VLANS Native VLAN
Fa1/0 Access 20 -
Fa1/13 Trunk 20 2
Fa1/14 Trunk 10 2
Fa1/15 Trunk 10,20 2

Configure Management Network

  • Create VLAN 2 which is the MGT Network for Faculty 1. Then assign an IP address for the VLAN 2 interface. 
    FAC1-BLD1-FL2# vlan database
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(vlan)# vlan 2 name FAC1_MGT
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(vlan)# exit
FAC1-BLD1-FL2# config t
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config)# interface vlan 2
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)# ip address 10.XY.2.4 255.255.255.0 
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)# exit
  • apply default routing for the subnet. 
    FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.XY.2.1

Configure Trunk Ports

  • Before configuring trunks we need to define the vlans first. 
    FAC1-BLD1-FL2# vlan database
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(vlan)# vlan 10 name DEPT1
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(vlan)# vlan 20 name DEPT2
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(vlan)#exit
  • This FAC1-BLD1-FL2 has three trunk ports configure them to allow VLAN 10,20 to fa1/15 and VLAN 10 on fa1/14 and VLAN 20 on fa1/15. We need to configure Native VLAN to VLAN 2 as well. 
    FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/15
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#description link to FAC1_L3
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2,10,20,1002-1005
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 2
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#exit
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/14
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#description link to FAC1-BLD1-FL1A
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2,10,1002-1005
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 2
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#exit
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/13
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#description link to FAC1-BLD1-FL1B
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2,20,1002-1005
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 2
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#exit

Configure Access Ports

  • We have only one access port 
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport mode access
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#description link to PC3
FAC1-BLD1-FL2(config-if)#exit

Make sure to save your setting with FAC1-BLD1-FL2#write

Configuring the rest L2 network

FAC1-BLD1-FL1A Type VLANS
e0 Access 10
e7 dot1q

  • Right-click on FAC1-BLD1-FL1A and select Configure
  • Under Settings, Select
    • Port: 7
    • VLAN: 2
    • Type: dot1q
  • Click Add
  • Repeat again and select,
    • Port: 0
    • VLAN: 10
    • Type: access
  • Click Add
  • Click Apply and OK

Repeat the same procedure for all other L2 switches but make sure you change the ports as per the tables below,

FAC1-BLD1-FL1B Type VLANS
e0 Access 20
e7 dot1q 2

FAC1-BLD2-FL0 Type VLANS
e0 Access 20
e1 Access 30
e7 dot1q 2

FAC2-BLD1-FL1 Type VLANS
e0 Access 60
e1 Access 70
e7 dot1q 3

FAC2-BLD2-FL1 Type VLANS
e0 Access 70
e6 dot1q 3
e7 dot1q 3

FAC2-BLD2-FL3 Type VLANS
e0 Access 80
e7 dot1q 3

DMC Type VLANS
e0 Access 1
e1 Access 1
e7 Access 1

Configure End Devices

Configure PC's

  • Right click on PC-1 and select Console, this will open a terminal or putty session on your User A host machine.
    • Enter following commands, 
      PC-1> ip 10.XY.10.1 24 10.XY.10.254
PC-1> ip dns 10.XY.0.1
PC-1> ip 2401:DD00:20XY:1110::1/64 2401:DD00:20XY:1110::ffff
PC-1> ip dns6 2401:DD00:20XY:1::FFFE
PC-1> save

    We will use the DNS forwarder installed in pfsense.

    On some GNS3 installations on Windows hosts may not support dns6 command, thereofore ignore it

    • For troubleshooting and configuration verification, we can use: 
      PC-1> show ip
PC-1> show ipv6
  • Based on the following table configure all other end-user PC's just as above. You may need to change IP addresses.
Host Devices IPv4 IPv6
PC-1 10.XY.10.1 2401:DD00:20XY:1110::1/64
PC-2 10.XY.20.1 2401:DD00:20XY:1120::1/64
PC-3 10.XY.20.2 2401:DD00:20XY:1120::2/64
PC-4 10.XY.30.1 2401:DD00:20XY:1230::1/64
PC-5 10.XY.60.1 2401:DD00:20XY:2160::1/64
PC-6 10.XY.70.1 2401:DD00:20XY:2270::1/64
PC-7 10.XY.70.2 2401:DD00:20XY:2270::2/64
PC-8 10.XY.80.1 2401:DD00:20XY:2280::1/64
Monitoring-Server 10.XY.5.10 2401:DD00:20XY:5::AAAA/64
Web-Server 192.168.XY.100 2401:DD00:20XY:1::PQR/64
GUI-PC via DHCP

  • On User B switch on Monitoring-Server and Web-Server. Log-in as user wsuser with the class password.
    • Edit the following file to insert ip details according to the above table, you may also need to check the IP allocation table. 
      sudo vi /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
    • Edit details as follows on Monitoring Server 
      # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
    ethernets:
         enp0s3:
            addresses:
            - 10.XY.5.10/24
            - 2401:dd00:20XY:5::AAAA/64
            dhcp4: false
            dhcp6: false
            gateway4: 10.XY.5.254
            gateway6: 2401:dd00:20XY:5::FFFF
            nameservers:
                addresses:
                - 2401:dd00:20XY:1::FFFF
                search:
                - instXY.ac.lk
    version: 2
    • Restart servers. 
      sudo init 6

    You need to modify the above settings to suit the IP detail when applying to the webserver

  • Test end-user connectivity using ping command on each.

Some commands to check your setup

  • Check VLAN Setup 
    FAC1#show vlan-switch
  • Check IP address details 
    FAC1#show ip interface brief
FAC1#show ipv6 interface brief
  • Check OSPF details 
    FAC1#show ip ospf
FAC1#show ipv6 ospf
  • Check IP routing details 
    FAC1#show ip route
FAC1#show ipv6 route
  • Check Interface details 
    FAC1#show interface switchport
  • Check all config 
    FAC1#show run

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