Shibboleth SPv3 Installation on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

In this lab we are going to enable shibboleth login for Moodle and Wordpress web applications. Installation assumes you have already installed Ubuntu Server 22.04 with default configuration and has a public IP connectivity.

Install Apache Web Server

First we will install apache web server. Once logged into the system you need to update the Ubuntu package repository.

sudo apt update

Then install the web server.

sudo apt install apache2

Check the apache version

apache2 -v

Now visit your server through the IP address. ​http://server_ip_address.

PHP Installation

Then install PHP and related modules required for apache server and MariaDB.

sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql

To test that your system is properly configured for PHP, create a PHP script called info.php. Here we will create at the root directory.

sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php

Insert the following command to show the php information.

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Next go to ​http://your_IP/info.php URL and you will get page showing the php information,

MariaDB DBMS Installation

Here we will choose MariaDB DBMS as our database application. Install this using below command.

sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Once installed check the version,

mysql --version

For mysql there is a script that strengthen the mariaDB server security. It is a series of yes no questions which removes initial weaknesses of the server.

To execute the scripts,

sudo mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y 
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

To login MariaDB enter below command and use the password entered above.

mysql -u root -p

To exit type,

exit

Registering your Domain Names and DNS configuration for your Domains

As you know we can't use any preferred domain for our services, websites as we wanted to do. First we have to register them in a relevant domain registry where usually we have to pay. In case you want a ac.lk sub domain you have to get it through LEARN. Once you get your domains registered they are to be assigned IP addresses so that they can be used in your services for hosting services, websites etc. Assigning of IP addresses to the domain names is done through DNS lookup service. This DNS service is also can be accomplished through the relevant domain registry or web hosting service. For the ac.lk domain, LEARN or your institutional network/system administrator will do that for you.

Receiving domains costs or need the approval from the System Administrator. Hence, for this workshop we can use hosts file in your computer operating system to create any arbitrary domain for your self. Hosts file will override any public DNS but only for your own computer.

Add domains to the hosts file in Windows

To add domains to the hosts file in Windows please Run the Notepad as the Adminitrator as below.

Then go to /Windows/System32/drivers/etc directory. If you cannot view hosts file please select All Files from the drop down list at bottom. Now open hosts file.

Now as below edit the hosts file and add you domains with the IP address of your guest VM.

Add domains to the hosts file in Linux

To add domains to the hosts file edit the hosts file as below. Please make sure to replace YOUR-DOMAIN with your own domain like 'instxx.ac.lk'. Once done save it.

nano /etc/hosts


127.0.0.1 localhost
192.248.6.X wp.YOUR-DOMAIN
192.248.6.X lms.YOUR-DOMAIN

Now you should be able to access the virtual hosts by their domain names from your host computer.

To check it you can ping to the domain or browse from the web browser.

ping wp.YOUR-DOMAIN
ping lms.YOUR-DOMAIN

Apache Virtual Host Configuration

First we are going to install Moodle LMS and Wordpress CMS applications and enable Shibboleth login for those. now let's make a directories for hosting those web sites.

For Moodle, sudo mkdir -p /var/www/lms.YOUR-DOMAIN/public_html

For Wordpress, sudo mkdir -p /var/www/wp.YOUR-DOMAIN/public_html

Then add relevant apache configuration file for Moodle as below.

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/lms.YOUR-DOMAIN.conf

And add the content below.

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName lms.YOUR-DOMAIN
    ServerAlias lms.YOUR-DOMAIN
    ServerAdmin webmaster@lms.YOUR-DOMAIN
    DocumentRoot /var/www/lms.YOUR-DOMAIN/public_html

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/lms.YOUR-DOMAIN-error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/lms.YOUR-DOMAIN-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Next add relevant apache configuration file for Wordpress as well.

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wp.YOUR-DOMAIN.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

ServerName wp.YOUR-DOMAIN ServerAlias wp.YOUR-DOMAIN ServerAdmin webmaster@… DocumentRoot /var/www/wp.YOUR-DOMAIN/public_html

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wp.YOUR-DOMAIN-error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wp.YOUR-DOMAIN-access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

Once we do the configurations we have to enable the created sites as below,

sudo a2ensite lms.YOUR-DOMAIN
sudo a2ensite wp.YOUR-DOMAIN

Once done, test the configuration for any syntax errors with.

sudo apachectl configtest

Restart the Apache service for the changes to take effect.

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Now we should be able to enter above URLs on the browser to check whether they are working. You may get empty web pages since we haven't yet installed our web sites.

Here we have to create SSL certificates and assign them to the virtual hosts created. We can create SSL certificates using three methods.

1. Generate a self-signed certificates (Steps 5 to 9)
2. Create certificates using Let's Encrypt free SSL service. (Steps 10 to )
3. Receiving certificates from a Commercial Certificate Authority.

As below you can use any of the above methods. Follow the steps as you prefer.

openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/ssl-lms.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-lms.crt -nodes -days 1095

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.

---

Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:LK State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Central Province Locality Name (eg, city) []:Peradeniya Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:LEARN Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT Division Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:lms.dhammikalalantha.com Email Address []:lalantha@…

sudo a2enmod ssl

sudo systemctl restart apache2

nano lms.YOUR-DOMAIN-ssl.conf

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>

<VirtualHost *:443>

ServerName lms.YOUR-DOMAIN ServerAdmin you@YOUR-DOMAIN DocumentRoot /var/www/lms.YOUR-DOMAIN/public_html

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/lms-error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/lms-access.log combined

SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-lms.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-lms.key

RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =lms.YOUR-DOMAIN

RewriteRule ^{​https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent] # port 80 -- > 443 redirection}

</VirtualHost>

</IfModule>

a2ensite lms.YOUR-DOMAIN-ssl.conf

Also create SSL site configuration file for Wordpress site too.

nano wp.YOUR-DOMAIN-ssl.conf

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>

<VirtualHost *:443>

ServerName wp.YOUR-DOMAIN ServerAdmin you@YOUR-DOMAIN DocumentRoot /var/www/wp.YOUR-DOMAIN/public_html

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wp-error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wp-access.log combined

SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-lms.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-lms.key

RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =wp.YOUR-DOMAIN RewriteRule ^{​https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent] # port 80 -- > 443 redirection}

</VirtualHost>

</IfModule>

a2ensite wp.YOUR-DOMAIN-ssl.conf

10. Let'sencrypt setup (Skip this step if you already configured SSL with self signed or CA provided certificates)

Install Letsencypt and enable https

apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache
certbot --apache

Go through the interactive prompt and include your server details. Make sure you select redirect option when asked.

Let's forward http traffic to https

RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =lms.YOUR-DOMAIN RewriteRule ^{​https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent] # port 80 -- > 443 redirection}

Then enable the Apache rewrite module.

sudo a2enmod rewrite

Install Shibboleth Service Provider

3. Install Shibboleth SP:

apt install libapache2-mod-shib ntp --no-install-recommends

From this point the location of the SP directory is: /etc/shibboleth

Configure Shibboleth SP

11. Download Federation Metadata Signing Certificate:

    cd /etc/shibboleth/
    wget https://fr.ac.lk/signedmetadata/metadata-signer -O federation-cert.pem
    

12. Edit shibboleth2.xml opportunely:

nano /etc/shibboleth/shibboleth2.xml

...
<ApplicationDefaults entityID="https://lms.YOUR-DOMAIN/shibboleth"
        REMOTE_USER="eppn subject-id pairwise-id persistent-id"
        cipherSuites="DEFAULT:!EXP:!LOW:!aNULL:!eNULL:!DES:!IDEA:!SEED:!RC4:!3DES:!kRSA:!SSLv2:!SSLv3:!TLSv1:!TLSv1.1">
...
<Sessions lifetime="28800" timeout="3600" relayState="ss:mem" checkAddress="false" handlerSSL="true" cookieProps="https">
...
<SSO discoveryProtocol="SAMLDS" discoveryURL="https://fds.ac.lk">
   SAML2
</SSO>
...
<MetadataProvider type="XML" url="https://fr.ac.lk/signedmetadata/metadata.xml" legacyOrgName="true" backingFilePath="test-metadata.xml" maxRefreshDelay="7200">
      
      <MetadataFilter type="Signature" certificate="federation-cert.pem" verifyBackup="false"/>
      
      <MetadataFilter type="RequireValidUntil" maxValidityInterval="864000" />
</MetadataProvider>
<!-- Simple file-based resolvers for separate signing/encryption keys. -->
<CredentialResolver type="File" use="signing"
      key="sp-signing-key.pem" certificate="sp-signing-cert.pem"/>
<CredentialResolver type="File" use="encryption"
      key="sp-encrypt-key.pem" certificate="sp-encrypt-cert.pem"/>

13. Create SP metadata credentials for both sites:

        /usr/sbin/shib-keygen -n lms-signing -e https://lms.YOUR-DOMAIN/shibboleth
        /usr/sbin/shib-keygen -n lms-encrypt -e https://lms.YOUR-DOMAIN/shibboleth
    
        /usr/sbin/shib-keygen -n wp-signing -e https://wp.YOUR-DOMAIN/shibboleth
        /usr/sbin/shib-keygen -n wp-encrypt -e https://wp.YOUR-DOMAIN/shibboleth
    
        shibd -t /etc/shibboleth/shibboleth2.xml (Check Shibboleth configuration)
    
    

Enable Shibboleth on apache virtual hosts

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>

<VirtualHost *:443>

ServerName lms.YOUR-DOMAIN ServerAdmin you@YOUR-DOMAIN DocumentRoot /var/www/lms.YOUR-DOMAIN/public_html

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/lms-error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/lms-access.log combined

SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-lms.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-lms.key

<Location /moodle>

#ShibRequestSetting applicationId mdl

</Location>

<Directory /var/www/html/moodle/auth/shibboleth/index.php>

AuthType shibboleth #ShibRequestSetting applicationId mdl ShibRequireSession On require valid-user

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

</IfModule>

nano wp.YOUR-DOMAIN-ssl.conf

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>

<VirtualHost *:443>

ServerName wp.YOUR-DOMAIN ServerAdmin you@YOUR-DOMAIN DocumentRoot /var/www/wp.YOUR-DOMAIN/public_html

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wp-error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wp-access.log combined

SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-lms.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-lms.key

<Location />

AuthType Shibboleth ShibRequestSetting requireSession false Require shibboleth

</Location> #Wordpress shibboleth plugin needs requireSession to be false

</VirtualHost>

</IfModule>

14. Enable Shibboleth Apache2 configuration:

        a2enmod shib
        systemctl reload apache2.service 
    

15. We have now set up shibboleth SP for two different entities. They have to be registered with LIAF before using the Federation discovery Service to point different IDP's.

Download the metadata from both applications by going to the following URL's.

https://lms.YOUR-DOMAIN/Shibboleth.sso/Metadata 
https://wp.YOUR-DOMAIN/Shibboleth.sso/Metadata 

Now register them with LIAF separately.

16. Register your SP on LEARN test federation:

Go to ​https://liaf.ac.lk/#join and follow the Service provider registration. Once the federation operator approves your request, you will be asked to use the content of your metadata file on federation registry registration.

You may have to answer several questions describing your service to the federation provider.

Enabling Wordpress plugin

Install and activate the shibboleth plugin by Michael McNeill, mitcho (Michael 芳貴 Erlewine), Will Norris https://wordpress.org/plugins/shibboleth/

Then go to Settings -> Shibboleth

On General Tab:

Login URL: https://wp.YOUR-DOMAIN/Shibboleth.sso/Login

Logout URL: https://wp.YOUR-DOMAIN/Shibboleth.sso/Logout

Attribute Access: Environment Variables

On User Tab:

Tick Automatically Create Accounts. Check the attribute map as well. If you ticked any attribute Manage tick, user will not be able to change the values once they logged in.

On Authorization Tab:

Select Subscriber as the Default Role.

On Logging Tab:

Enable all Logging.

Click Save.

Enabling Moodle Plugin

As Moodle admin, go to the Site administration >>> Plugins >>> Authentication and click on the Shibboleth enable eye. Next go to its settings.

Fill in the fields of the form.

The fields 'Username', 'First name', 'Surname', etc. should contain the name of the environment variables of the Shibboleth attributes that you want to map onto the corresponding Moodle variable. Especially the 'Username' field is of great importance because this attribute is used for the Moodle authentication of Shibboleth users.

Username: eppn

Moodle WAYF service: No

Shibboleth Service Provider logout handler URL: /Shibboleth.sso/Logout

Data mapping (First name): givenName

Data mapping (Surname): surname

Data mapping (Email address): mail

Update local (Email address): On Creation

Lock value (Email address): Locked

Click Save.

Now using a private browser, try to log in to both systems using your IDP test user.

17. Create the Apache2 configuration for Moodle:

nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/moodle.conf

<Location /moodle>
        #ShibRequestSetting applicationId mdl
</Location>

<Directory /var/www/html/moodle/auth/shibboleth/index.php>
        AuthType shibboleth
        #ShibRequestSetting applicationId mdl
        ShibRequireSession On
        require valid-user
</Directory>

18. Then enable the site and restart the apache and shibboleth daemon to make changes to effect.

a2ensite mooodle

systemctl restart shibd

systemctl restart apache2

Now you may browse to ​https://sp.YOUR-DOMAIN/moodle and select your IDP to log in.