= Firewall =

pfSense firewall functions support traditional firewall, NAT, mark traffic flow,  traffic shaping, scheduling based on time and even controlling based on IP reputation.

== Aliases ==
Here we can create recognizable names/ placeholders to resources like IP addresses, Port numbers. This is useful in creating multiple firewall rules against one resource as if you need to change the resource it is just a single location that we need to modify.

The name of an alias can be entered instead of the host, network or port where indicated. The alias will be resolved according to the list defined.
If an alias cannot be resolved (e.g. because it was deleted), the corresponding element (e.g. filter/NAT/shaper rule) will be considered invalid and skipped.

**Create IP Alias**

Go to Firewall > Aliases and click *+ Add*

- Name: wwwserver
- Description: Web Server
- Type: Host(s)
- IP or FQDN: 10.XY.1.1
- Add host
- IP : 2401:dd00:xxxx
and Save. If you click Add then it will allow you to add multiple IP addresses for a single name

> you will have multiple options for type as Hosts, Ports, Networks, or Urls to IP lists, port list

- Name: wwwport
- Description: Web Server HTTP & HTTPS ports
- Type: Port(s)
- Port: 80
- Add Port
- Port: 443

and Save and Apply

If you select **All**, you will find all aliases created.

== Schedule ==
Schedules act as placeholders for time ranges to be used in firewall rules.

To create a schedule, Go to Firewall > Schedules > +Add

- Schedule Name: Office_Hours
- Description: Normal Office hours
- Date: click on Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri
- Time: 8.00 to 16.00 and click add time
- Save

== Virtual IPs ==

To create NAT mappings we need to create a virtual IP. This acts as a secondary IP for the network of the interface it is configured.

As an example lets create a VIP to be NAT for your server. You may refer IP table reservation for your server Public IP


Go to Firewall > Virtual IPs > +Add

- Type: IP Alias
- Interface: WAN
- Address: 192.248.7.z  and the mask ('''/''') as 32
- Description: Public IP for server

and Save

== NAT ==

Here we may create NATs based on Port Forward, one to one, outbound, NPT.

We will focus on one to one NAT for workshop

Go to Firewall > 1:1 > Add

- Interface: WAN
- External Subnet IP: 192.248.7.z
- Internal IP: Single host 10.XY.1.1
- Destination: Any
- Description: Public NAT

== Rules ==

Lets allow http and https ports from outside

Go to Firewall > Rules > WAN > Add to end

- Action: pass
- Interface: WAN
- Address Family: IPv4+IPv6
- Protocol: TCP
- Source: Any
- Destination: Single host or Alias: wwwserver
- Destination Port: Custom: wwwport
- Log: ticked
- Description: Allow any to Web ports of wwwserver

Save

For LAN side, by default web ports are enabled. If you need to allow any other port then,

Go to Firewall > Rules > WAN > Add to top

- Action: pass
- Interface: LAN
- Address Family: IPv4+IPv6
- Protocol: TCP
- Source: Single host or Alias: wwwserver
- Destination: Any
- Destination Port: SSH
- Log: ticked
- Description: Allow  wwwserver to SSH outside

Save


You may also add different Separators to define rule groups.

Click **+ Separator** Give a Name (eg: web) and a Color

You may drag and drop the separator by holding from its name. Also you may drag rules by holding from the rules **Anchor** mark

Once drag and Dropping finished click **Save** and **Apply** to complete the separation.

== Traffic Shaper ==

By adding a traffic shaper you can control traffic queues with different filters. But creating a queue manually will be more advanced and the easiest way is to go through the wizard.

Go to Firewall > Traffic Shaper > Wizards > traffic_shaper_wizard_dedicated.xml

- Enter Number of WAN type connections: 1 > Next
- Parameters:
   - Local Interface: LAN
   - Local Interface: PRIQ
   - WAN Interface: WAN
   - WAN Interface: PRIQ
   - Upload: 10 Mbit/s
   - Download 50 Mbits/s  >> Next
- Voice over IP disabled   >> Next
- Penalty Box >> Next ( for the lab we may not use penalty box, but you can try mentioning a single IP or an Alias to multiple IP's )
- Peer to Peer Networking
  - Enable
  - p2pCatchAll: ticked
  - Bandwidth: 2 %
  - Enable P2P protocols  >> Next
- Network Games: Disabled  >> Next
- Other Networking Protocols: Disabled >> Next
- Finish

This will refresh the state tables.

If you go back to Traffic Shaper, you can tweak settings 

Reference: https://www.netgate.com/docs/pfsense/trafficshaper/traffic-shaping-guide.html